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Pothole repair
A pothole is the visible end of a process that started underground. Filling the hole without dealing with the void beneath it is why so many of them come back in the same place the following spring.
How one forms
It starts with a crack nobody filled. Water runs down it into the granular layer, and over a winter the freeze and thaw cycle lifts and drops that material until a cavity opens below the asphalt. The surface spans the gap for a while, then a wheel finds it.
So by the time you can see a hole, the damage underneath is wider than the opening. That is why a repair is cut back past the visible edge: the asphalt immediately around a pothole is already unsupported even though it still looks solid.
The upstream fix is cheap and boring. Sealing cracks before winter stops the water getting in, and the freeze and thaw sequence is what turns an unsealed one into this. Where potholes keep appearing in a group, the section has failed rather than the spot.
How a repair runs
The area around the opening is checked for asphalt that moves or sounds hollow, because the unsupported zone is always wider than the hole you can see.
Ragged edges are cut to straight vertical faces. A patch poured against a crumbling rim has nothing to bond to and fails around its perimeter first.
Loose and saturated material is removed and fresh granular compacted in, which is the step that decides whether the repair sinks again.
Hot mix is placed slightly proud and compacted down level with the surrounding surface, then the perimeter joint is sealed against water.
Why cold mix fails
Cold patch material is designed to be shovelled into a hole and driven on immediately. It stays workable because it never properly sets, which is exactly why traffic pushes it out again over a few weeks of rain and heat.
It also does nothing about the cavity. The bag fills the visible opening and leaves the void below untouched, so the new material simply migrates into the space the old asphalt was spanning. That is how a hole becomes a dip, and why a bag of material is not a patch.
There is one honest use for it: a temporary fix in the middle of winter when hot mix is not available and a hole is a hazard. We will say when that is the situation, and quote the proper repair for spring. If several are grouped together, the surface itself is the conversation.
Related repairs
What usually turns up on the same visit.
The work that stops the next pothole. Water reaching the base through an open crack is how almost all of them begin.
Learn moreWhere holes have appeared in a group, the section is failing and a larger full-depth patch is the honest answer.
Learn morePotholes form fastest where water sits. Fixing the fall removes the cause rather than the symptom.
Learn moreWhat a winter does to an unsealed crack, and the window in autumn when it is worth acting.
Learn moreCommon questions
Three potholes at the entrance cut square and filled with hot asphalt, compacted flush. Not the cold patch that washes out.
They fixed the drainage that was creating the pothole, not just the hole. It has not come back.
Same-week visit for a pothole that was damaging tires. Done in an hour.
The repair was cut back to sound asphalt and the base replaced. That is why it is still flat.
From the blog
Next step
We will look at whether the holes are isolated or whether the section underneath has gone, and quote the repair that matches rather than the one that is quickest.
Where a group of holes means the surface has failed, you will be told that.